Cientistas britânicos recriaram o rosto de uma guerreira viking de 1.000 anos a partir de um crânio encontrado. Nas imagens de reconstrução facial, eles identificaram até um ferimento na testa da mulher, que estava enterrada no cemitério biking em Solør, na Noruega. De acordo com o The Sun, ela foi enterrada em uma recamara cercada por armas mortais, mas não foi inicialmente considerada uma guerreira por causa de seu sexo. Confira: Posteriormente, os cientistas assumiram os erros do estudo sobre o esqueleto escavado no século XIX, concluindo que se deixaram levar pelos achados no túmulo – um machado, uma espada, uma lança, uma faca de batalha e escudos – e tomaram a conclusão equivocada de que o esqueleto pertencia a um guerreiro homem. Um teste de DNA publicado no American Journal of Physical Anthropology comprovou que a ossada era de uma mulher “com mais de 30 anos e bastante alta”, claramente uma oficial do exército de batalha viking. Especialistas não têm certeza se o ferimento na cabeça foi o que causou a morte da mulher viking. No entanto, a arqueóloga Ella Al-Shamahi disse ao The Guardian que esta é "a primeira evidência já encontrada de uma mulher viking com ferimento de batalha". Ela acrescentou: "Estou muito empolgada porque esse rosto não é visto há mil anos … De repente, ela se tornou realmente real". FONTE: Metro Jornal https://www.metrojornal.com.br/social/2019/11/04/fotos-revelam-primeira-imagem-de-rosto-de-guerreira-viking-reconstruido-por-cientistas-a-partir-de-cranio-encontrado-em-cemiterio.html Seja uma das primeiras pessoas a receber as novidades do Mundo Viking e da Saga Viking Oluap, inscrevendo-se em nossa newsletter ou adicionando-nos em seu WhatsApp... Por favor, siga-nos em nossas Redes Sociais. #ReconstruçãoFacial #GuerreiraViking #MulheresVikings #VikingsNoruegueses #LivrosVikings

Uma coleção de "icônicas" Pedras Manx ficará "mais acessível" ao público após a obtenção de um financiamento do Manx Lottery Trust. A Igreja de Malew (Ilha de Man – Reino Unido) recebeu mais de £ 16.000 para um projeto de £ 23.000. As pedras esculpidas estão atualmente armazenadas na galeria da igreja, que é de difícil acesso. A coleção será colocada em exibição pública permanente no transepto norte do edifício. As pedras incluem dois marcadores que datam do Século VIII e uma delas da Era Viking, decorada com imagens da Mitologia Nórdica. Simon Riggall, da Igreja dos Amigos de Malew, disse que a nova exibição "faria uma grande diferença" no acesso do público aos monumentos antigos. "Nos últimos anos, vimos aumentando o interesse pelas cruzes e pedras esculpidas", acrescentou. O projeto será supervisionado pelo Manx National Heritage (MNH), que é o guardião legal da coleção. O porta-voz Andrew Johnson disse que tornar as cruzes mais fáceis de se ver é "importante", pois elas representam "uma parte icônica de nossa herança". O trabalho está programado para ser concluído em setembro de 2020. FONTE: BBC https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-50266560 (texto original em inglês — o conteúdo foi traduzido livremente pela Livros Vikings) Seja uma das primeiras pessoas a receber as novidades do Mundo Viking, assinando a nossa Newsletter ou adicionando-nos em seu WhatsApp... Siga-nos também em nossas Redes Sociais. #ManxStoneCrosses #PedrasManx #OldOdinStone #AntigaPedraParaOdin #IsleofMan #IlhasMan #MitologiaNórdica #VikingEra #VikingsNoReinoUnido #LivrosVikings

Enquanto os aspirantes a Thors e princesas guerreiras saem em busca de pilhagem no Halloween nesta quinta-feira (31/10), Lynn Noel se prepara para retratar uma heroína viking sem espada, martelo, escudo ou rancor. Diga olá a Gudrid, a Maravilhosa, a primeira mulher européia a se estabelecer e ter um filho na América. Noel compartilhará a saga da pioneira viking em palavras (inglês), em músicas (nórdico antigo e outros dialetos escandinavos, enquanto toca uma lira) e em fantasias na noite de domingo na Latham Memorial Library em Thetford Hill (EUA). “Gudrid is an explorer,” Noel, a former Thetford resident and alumna of the Parish Players and Dartmouth College who now lives west of Boston, said last week. “When you study real women who leave everything they know to go into the wilderness, you learn that they don’t go for church or country. They don’t go to plant the flag. They don’t go to claim territory or property. “They go for adventure. They go for freedom. They go for independence.” As best researchers can piece together, Gudrid went with her trader husband to a settlement at L’Anse aux Meadows, at the northern tip of what is now the Canadian-island province of Newfoundland between 1009 and 1012 A.D. Almost 1,000 years later, two women, archaeologists from Norway, unearthed a ring-headed pin from a cloak, made from bronze, and a spindle whorl for hand-spinning cloth — the clearest evidence yet that women made the journey west from Iceland and Greenland. “Gudrid and the women of that expedition spun and wove all of the cloth for all of the sails for those Viking trips,” Noel said, “and the cloth that everybody wore, the shrouds for men and women who died in the New World.” While majoring in geography and minoring in women’s studies at Dartmouth in the mid-1970s, and while pursuing a master’s degree at the University of Wisconsin, Noel soaked up all she could learn about woman adventurers and explorers. She was particularly taken with the Vinland Sagas — Icelandic manuscripts that, among other things, detailed Gudrid’s gifts not only as a seamstress and a trader but as a singer. Combining her growing body of knowledge with her own skills as a folk singer and a longtime heritage interpreter at historic sites, Noel took the next logical step during a research visit to Newfoundland in the late 1990s. Invited to deliver a lecture on a cruise ship — as a fellow at Dartmouth’s Institute of Arctic Studies — Noel performed for the first time the one-woman show she’s been refining and sharing ever since. Along the way, Noel developed a series of shows, A Woman’s Way, including the tale of Lisette Laval, a French-Canadian fur trader who paddled a birchbark canoe west-to-east for 2,300 miles across North America in a single year during the early 1800s. For now, their stories are a labor of love for Noel, who makes her living as a data-management consultant. “This has always been my calling, never my occupation,” she said. “I’m a geek by day, and a Viking by night.” Lynn Noel performs her one-woman show Gudrid the Wanderer on Sunday night at 7, at the Latham Memorial Library on Thetford Hill. Free. FONTE: Valley News https://www.vnews.com/One-woman-show-re-imagines-Icelandic-heroine-29744554 Seja uma das primeiras pessoas a receber as novidades do Mundo Viking, inscrevendo-se em nossa newsletter ou adicionando-nos em seu WhatsApp... Por favor, siga-nos na Redes Sociais. #Helloween #HelloweenViking #AméricaViking #Vínland #Islândia #Gudrid #MulheresVikings #Canadá #LivrosVikings

Durante décadas, arqueólogos lidaram com o mistério envolvendo a identidade de um esqueleto do século 10, descoberto no Castelo de Praga. Os restos dele foram explorados por nazistas e soviéticos com fins ideológicos. Mas as tentativas de definir um rótulo étnico claro em um cadáver de mil anos talvez revelem mais sobre nós mesmo do que sobre o esqueleto. O guerreiro foi encontrado deitado, com a cabeça inclinada para a esquerda e a mão direita apoiada em uma espada de ferro. Perto da mão esquerda há um par de facas, e os dedos esqueléticos estão estendidos quase como se fossem tocá-las. A seus pés estão os restos de um pequeno balde de madeira, semelhante aos usados ​​como vasos cerimoniais pelos vikings, e a cabeça de um machado de ferro. Mas é a espada que chama atenção. Com menos de um metro de comprimento, ela ainda é um objeto de poder e beleza, apesar de 10 séculos de corrosão. Ele era um viking? “A espada é de boa qualidade e, provavelmente, foi fabricada na Europa Ocidental”, diz Jan Frolik, arqueólogo medievalista da Academia Tcheca de Ciências. Esse tipo de espada era usado pelos vikings no norte da Europa, na Alemanha, na Inglaterra e na Europa Central, além de outros locais. “Portanto, a maioria de seus equipamentos é viking ou, pelo menos, semelhante aos usados pelos vikings. Mas sua nacionalidade ainda é uma questão aberta”, acrescentou. A origem do esqueleto é uma pergunta que intriga e confunde historiadores desde que os restos do guerreiro foram desenterrados no Castelo de Praga pelo arqueólogo ucraniano Ivan Borkovsky, em 1928. Na época da descoberta, Borkovsky, um exilado da guerra civil na Rússia, poderia ser o encarregado pela escavações. Mas, como ele era um mero assistente do chefe de arqueologia do Museu Nacional de Praga, acabou impedido de publicar suas próprias conclusões sobre o achado. Como o esqueleto foi usado por nazistas e soviéticos Quando os nazistas ocuparam Praga em 1939, eles rapidamente se apegaram à teoria de que o esqueleto era de um viking, o que se encaixava perfeitamente na narrativa alemã de pureza racial. Afinal, os vikings eram nórdicos e, portanto, germânicos. Para os nazistas, essa relação um tanto forçada era uma propaganda útil, pois reforçava a ideia de Adolf Hitler de que, na guerra, a raça alemã estava simplesmente reocupando terras antigas que pertenciam a ela. Mais tarde, Borkovsky foi pressionado pelos nazistas, sob ameaça de ser enviado para um campo de concentração. Seu trabalho, bastante editado, acabou sendo publicado com um conteúdo que justificava as demandas históricas alemãs. Imediatamente após o fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial, quando a influência da União Soviética sobre Praga se tornou cada vez mais opressiva, Borkovsky foi forçado a fazer uma mudança drástica e apressada em seu material de pesquisa, informando que havia sido pressionado pelos nazistas a adotar a teoria de que o guerreiro era um viking. Ele então adotou a interpretação de seu ex-chefe: o esqueleto pertenceria a um membro importante da dinastia Slav Premyslid, que governou a Boêmia por mais de 400 anos até 1306. Sob nova ameaça, dessa vez de ser levado a campos de prisão soviéticos, o arqueólogo acabou mudando novamente seus estudos. Afinal, de onde é o esqueleto? Setenta anos depois, diferentemente de seu antecessor Ivan Borkovsky, arqueólogos como Jan Frolik são livres para fazer julgamentos baseados exclusivamente na ciência, e não na ideologia dominante. “Temos certeza de que ele não nasceu aqui na Boêmia”, diz Frolik, explicando que a análise de isótopos radioativos de estrôncio nos dentes do guerreiro provou que ele havia crescido no norte da Europa, provavelmente em algum lugar na costa sul do mar Báltico, ou talvez na Dinamarca. Esse é o principal território viking, não? “Sim, mas só porque ele nasceu no Báltico não significa automaticamente que ele era um viking. Naquela época, a costa sul do mar Báltico também abrigava eslavos e outras tribos”, diz Frolik. Ele acredita que o guerreiro do norte, que morreu de causas desconhecidas por volta dos 50 anos de idade, foi a Praga no início da idade adulta, provavelmente para servir no séquito de Borivoj I, o primeiro duque da Boêmia e o progenitor da dinastia Premyslid. Mas ele também pode ter trabalhado para Spytihnev I, filho mais velho e sucessor de Borivoj. Os Premyslids estabeleceram o Castelo de Praga como o centro do incipiente Estado da Boêmia. O local de sepultamento do guerreiro, bem no meio do castelo, indica que ele era um homem de destaque. Olhando o esqueleto do soldado desconhecido, envolto em vidro nos corredores subterrâneos do antigo Palácio Real, é difícil não fazer a pergunta que por ora ainda não tem resposta: quem exatamente era esse homem, nascido no Mar Báltico, e que tinha uma espada viking e mestres boêmios? “Assim como hoje as pessoas podem ter múltiplas identidades de acordo com sua situação, o mesmo pode ter ocorrido com o guerreiro”, diz o professor Nicholas Saunders, especialista em conflitos, arqueologia e antropologia do século 20 na Universidade de Bristol, na Inglaterra. Saunders publicou recentemente um artigo sobre o esqueleto, juntamente com o Frolik e Volker Heyd, um arqueólogo da Universidade de Helsinque, na Finlândia, que atualmente está trabalhando na análise de DNA que pode revelar mais sobre as origens étnicas do guerreiro. Mesmo assim, ainda restarão dúvidas. “A coleção heterogênea de objetos desse esqueleto refletia suas múltiplas personalidades, algo maior do que dizer que ele era viking ou eslavo”, diz Saunders. “As pessoas inventam suas próprias identidades de acordo com o local onde estão no tempo e no espaço, mas esse homem era obviamente uma pessoa importante.” Em outras palavras, os objetos que ficaram com ele em sua morte refletiam sua vida. FONTE: BBC Brasil https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/geral-50213034 Seja uma das primeiras pessoas a receber as novidades do Mundo Viking, basta assinar a nossa newsletter ou adicionar-nos em seu WhatsApp... Por favor, siga-nos em nossas Redes Sociais. #Nazistas #Soviéticos #WorldWarII #SegundaGuerra #Viking #Finlândia #Dinamarca #VikingsDinamarqueses #LivrosVikings

Aos 21 anos, ela foi velada em um casamento arranjado. Sete anos depois, Aalaa al-Shamahi enfrentava as águas infestadas de piratas na costa do Iêmen. Agora, a paleoantropóloga continua desafiando os estereótipos femininos, destacando as guerreiras vikings em seu mais recente projeto na National Geographic. Nesse meio tempo, al-Shamahi ainda apresentou comédia stand-up no Edinburgh Festival Fringe. A paixão da garota de 36 anos é preservar o frágil ecossistema de Socotra, uma ilha na costa do Iêmen, e possivelmente provar que os primeiros seres humanos deixaram a África através dessa ilha. Ao longo do caminho, al-Shamahi, que nasceu na Grã-Bretanha, continua orgulhosa de suas raízes do Iêmen, e espera servir de exemplo às outras pessoas. "Gosto de dizer às meninas que é possível fazer algo bastante tradicional e depois decidir: 'Isso não é para mim' e fazer algo bem diferente", disse ela. E quando perguntada se é realmente assim tão simples, ela respondeu: "esperançosamente". Al-Shamahi has done things differently for most of her adult life. After growing impatient with married life, she divorced and returned to college to study genetics, eventually turning her focus to studying genes in fossils. She’s writing her Ph.D. thesis on Neanderthals, an odd topic for someone who took her first class on evolution hoping to prove the theory wrong. Now, al-Shamahi is an evolutionary biologist. “Scientists should be open and be able to be convinced and not stuck in their ways,” she says. That’s the point of her one-hour show on the role women played as Viking warriors in the Middle Ages, to air Nov. 3 on National Geographic. Al-Shamahi examines bones and grave goods at burial sites in Sweden, Denmark, Norway and England. She enlists technology and re-enactments to make a case that at least three skeletons found more than 100 years ago were women and fierce warriors. Or, as al-Shamahi calls them, “badass[es].” Skeletal remains found in Birka, Sweden, in 1878 were surrounded by a sword, an ax, two shields and a cache of arrowheads. Two horses were also in the burial chamber, along with whale bone markers used for military strategy games. At the time, archaeologists proclaimed the skeleton to be that of an important Viking military commander and, without examining the bones, presumed it to be male. In 2017, Swedish anthropologist Anna Kjellström noticed that the pelvic bone was more consistent with that of a woman. Even after DNA analysis confirmed her suspicions and Kjellström’s work was backed up by other archaeologists, but topic remains controversial among some male anthropologists who say it’s a mix-up. “You can’t make this up: that the most famous Viking burial site turns out to be for a woman,” al-Shamahi says, adding that “it’s no coincidence” that the findings are happening now, as more women are working in archaeology. (Spoiler alert: Archaeologists have concluded that the warrior was probably a mounted archer who used chain-mail-piercing arrows.) In a surprising twist, al-Shamahi noticed an indentation on the forehead of a Norwegian skull during filming of her show. A forensics expert identified it as a likely war injury, making the skeleton possibly the first case of a female Viking warrior with a battle wound. (Norwegian scientists are following up.) For al-Shamahi, shattering cultural biases has been a recurring theme, including her work on Socotra. The UNESCO World Heritage Site is called the Galápagos of the Indian Ocean, because it contains flora and fauna that grow nowhere else in the world. War, climate change and unrestrained development are threatening the island’s ecosystem. Al-Shamahi and two colleagues, Martin Edström and Leon McCarron, want to document and explore it before it is destroyed. Edström, a virtual reality specialist, says he was initially taken aback by what he calls al-Shamahi’s “extremely unorthodox” way of preparing for an expedition. She arrived with two huge packs filled with printouts (she didn’t trust her computer), an enormous medical pack and extra phones — “not the right stuff,” says Edström. “There’s no point in getting angry with her,” Erdström says, because “when you are actually on an expedition and things go south, she’s the one person you want with you.” Because of all her prep work, al-Shamahi knows whom to call and how to smooth things over. And, Edström adds, she keeps things light. “Even if you are about to get arrested somewhere in Socotra, she knows how to make everyone laugh,” he says. Her friends describe her variously as chaotic, charismatic and charming. Jane Marr, who met al-Shamahi five years ago when Marr was Britain’s ambassador to Yemen, says she’s the kind of friend who will come to a party late because she’s so busy, then stay until three or four in the morning to help with tidying up. Al-Shamahi calls stand-up comedy her coping strategy and a way to make the more esoteric parts of her work understandable to laypeople. “Some of the places I go are really dark, so it’s a good way of dealing with this stuff,” she says. In a two-part BBC series on Neanderthals, al-Shamahi wanted viewers to see our predecessors as something other than knuckle-dragging apes. So she dressed a model of “Ned the Neanderthal” in a business suit, stuck a hat on him, gave him a shave and sat him in the London Underground. “He was getting a lot of stares, but very few people actually changed carriages,” she says. Al-Shamahi is in production in Tanzania, where she’ll return in January, with the BBC’s Natural History Network. Currently she’s climbing the tree canopy in the Amazon. She hopes to go back to Socotra at the end of 2020 if funding comes through. Once, on Socotra, she came across three girls climbing dragon’s blood trees, a species unique to the island. The girls didn’t want a male photographer to take their picture, but said it was OK for al-Shamahi to, not realizing that even photos taken by a woman might be viewed by men. Al-Shamahi blacked out their faces. “I talk a lot about how ultraconservatism results in women not getting out and the physical and detrimental impact [that has] on their health,” she wrote in an Instagram post, noting that rural girls are more free to run about than their urban counterparts. She concludes: “Here’s to girls climbing trees.” In that, al-Shamahi could be describing herself. FONTE: OZY https://www.ozy.com/rising-stars/this-crusading-scientist-comedian-challenges-viking-myths/223787/ Seja uma das primeiras pessoas a receber as novidades do Mundo Viking adicionando-nos em seu WhatsApp ou assinando a nossa newsletter... Por favor, siga-nos também nas Redes Sociais. #MitosVikings #MulheresVikings #GuerreirasVikings #Suécia #vikingsSuécos #LivrosVikings

Uma investigação recente indica que a colonização da Islândia pelos Vikings pode ter levado a extinção da morsa no país insular. A Islândia foi a casa de uma subespécie de morsa que desapareceu em meados do século XIV, 500 anos depois a chegada dos colonos nórdicos ao país. Esta descoberta, publicada recentemente na Molecular Biology and Evolution, sugere que os caçadores foram os principais responsáveis pelo desaparecimento do animal, apresentando evidências claras de que os seres humanos começaram a extinguir mamíferos marinhos mais cedo do que se pensava. Os cientistas sabiam que aquela subespécie tinha vivido na Islândia, mas não tinham a certeza se os animais tinham desaparecido antes ou depois da chegada dos seres humanos. Para pôr fim à incógnita, Morten Tange Olsen e Xénia Keighley, da Universidade de Copenhaga, na Dinamarca, dataram os restos de 34 morsas encontradas no oeste da Islândia. Três das morsas analisadas morreram após o ano de 874 – data em que se pensa que os colonos chegaram à Islândia – e as mais jovens datam entre 1213 e 1330. Isto significa que as morsas islandesas sobreviveram durante alguns séculos após a chegada dos humanos. O ADN foi extraído de amostras de morsas encontradas em ambientes naturais e escavações arqueológicas. Posteriormente, os resultados foram comparados com os dados de morsas contemporâneas, revelando que as morsas islandesas constituíam uma linhagem geneticamente única, distinta de todas as outras populações históricas e atuais de morsas no Atlântico Norte. Na Era Viking e na Europa Medieval, o marfim da morsa era um artigo de luxo de alta demanda. Segundo o New Scientist, esta caça à morsa é descrita numa saga islandesa do final do século XII: diz-se que o crânio e as presas da morsa foram enviados para Canterbury, no Reino Unido, para homenagear o arcebispo Thomas Becket, assassinado na catedral da cidade em 1170. Por causa destes relatos, e por saberem que o marfim era uma mercadoria muito valiosa naquela época, Olsen e Keighley defendem que os colonos foram os responsáveis pelo desaparecimento das morsas islandesas. Ainda assim, os cientistas colocam em cima da mesa uma teoria alternativa: os animais podem ter fugido quando os seres humanos chegaram, como aconteceu noutras partes do Atlântico Norte. Mas Keighley não acredita nesta teoria, principalmente devido à descoberta adicional que sugere que os animais, apesar de pertencerem a uma subespécie de morsa do Atlântico, apresentam uma assinatura genética dentro dessa subespécie diferente de qualquer outra. Como a equipa não encontrou esta assinatura de ADN noutros lugares, isso indica que as morsas da Islândia não fugiram nem se juntaram a outras comunidades. Em vez disso, desapareceram – o que parece favorecer a teoria de que foram caçadas até à extinção. Bastiaan Star, da Universidade de Oslo, na Noruega, diz que estes dados genéticos são intrigantes, mas ressalta que a análise foi realizada em ADN mitocondrial, que fornece informações relativamente limitadas. Os seres humanos estão a levar animais terrestres à extinção há dezenas de milhares de anos, mas Olsen afirma que a sabedoria convencional indica que começamos a ter um impacto semelhante nas espécies marinhas há cerca de 500 anos. As morsas islandesas, extintas há cerca de 700 anos, desafiam este princípio. FONTE: ZAP aeiou https://zap.aeiou.pt/vikings-morsas-islandia-extincao-287446 Seja uma das primeiras pessoas a receber as novidades do Mundo Viking, adicionando-nos em seu WhatsApp ou assinando a nossa newsletter... Por favor, siga-nos em nossas Redes Sociais. #Morsas #MorsasIslandesas #MorsasEmExtinção #Islândia #VikingsIslandeses #LivrosVikings

Segundo um historiador amador, os pés de noz manteiga (butternut tree) podem indicar que os vikings foram para muito além de L'Anse aux Meadows (Enseada das Medusas). Este historiador acredita que uma espécie de nogueira ameaçada de extinção, a qual pode ser encontrada em New Brunswick, seja uma forte evidência de que os vikings já visitaram a província. Os pés de noz manteiga são encontrados ao longo do baixo vale do rio St. John e já foram bastantes abundantes antes das colheitas excessivas. A árvore é encontrada em New Brunswick, mas não em Newfoundland (Terra Nova). Em L'Anse aux Meadows, o único sítio arqueológico viking confirmado no Canadá, o qual está localizado entre Newfoundland e Labrador, há evidências de troncos das supracitadas nogueiras. Ao que tudo indica, as árvores foram cortadas com ferramentas europeias, o que excluiria a sua importação pelos povos indígenas. The presence of foreign logs cut by European tools near a Viking settlement makes Tim McLaughlin, secretary of the New Brunswick Historical Society, believe that Vikings harvested the logs in New Brunswick. "It's a suggestion, a very strong suggestion that the Norse, or the Vikings, went well beyond L'Anse-aux-Meadows a thousand years ago," said Tim McLaughlin, secretary of the New Brunswick Historical Society. The theory is gaining some traction, with Parks Canada's senior archeologist emerita Birgitta Wallace telling CBC News in 2018 that she believes Vikings did visit the province. The sagas The Norse sagas, semi-factual stories about the Vikings, talk about a place called Vinland. The sagas, written between 1200 and 1300, describe battles and travels that took place between the 9th and 11th centuries. Vinland is described as a paradise, with high tides and grapes and warmer than Greenland, which the Vikings also explored. This can be used to describe areas in New Brunswick, McLaughlin said. "They found wild grapes, they found big trees, they experienced extremely high tides, they encountered a lot of wildlife a lot of salmon and different fish, whales and so forth," said McLaughlin. "It was a relatively mild land compared to where they come from, Greenland, which is fairly inhospitable." Where in New Brunswick According to McLaughlin, there are two areas in the province that people believe are Vinland: Miramichi and the Bay of Fundy coast. Miramichi is, of course, closer to Newfoundland, and the Vikings would not have had to sail around the Maritimes to get there. But McLaughlin thinks the Fundy coast is more likely, since butternut trees and grapes are more plentiful in southern New Brunswick. "Just the descriptions of the landscape I tend to think that it accords more with the Bay of Fundy than Miramichi," said McLaughlin. Forgotten history? While the province may have a legitimate claim to the title of Vinland, this isn't really promoted. McLaughlin said this is because there is no concrete artifacts or site that people can point to, such as L'Anse-aux-Meadows because Vinland wasn't a place where the Vikings settled down. "They didn't build any permanent structures," said McLaughlin. "They built what they called booths, which were temporary structures, and they were really just here to gather resources. So it's really not that surprising that we haven't found anything in New Brunswick to connect it with Vineland." McLaughlin is hosting a talk about the province's possible connections to the Vikings on Tuesday at the New Brunswick Museum in Saint John. FONTE: CBC https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/vikings-new-brunswick-butternut-1.5335566 Seja uma das primeiras pessoas a receber as novidades do Mundo Viking, adicionando-nos em seu WhatsApp ou assinando a nossa newsletter... Por favor, siga-nos em nossas Redes Sociais. #ButternutTree #NozManteiga #LAnseAuxMeadows #Vinland #Newfoundland #TerraNova #Canadá #VikingsNaAmérica #LivrosVikings

Segundo os arqueólogos, um conflito sangrento em Wirral, perto de Liverpool, fez com que os anglo-saxões afastassem os vikings e os celtas da região. A alegação reitera as teorias anteriores sobre a batalha de 937 dC, mas há um debate em andamento sobre a verdadeira localização do embate; 40 possíveis locais foram sugeridos. Em 2017 os pesquisadores estavam convictos de que havia acontecido em Yorkshire do Sul. Mas agora, depois de pesquisar em manuscritos medievais e realizarem levantamentos sobre as terras, os especialistas creem ter encontrado o verdadeiro campo de batalha em Wirral, no noroeste da Inglaterra. Despite the significance of the historical conclusion archaeologists have refused to disclose the exact location to the public, reports The Sun. The Battle of Brunanburh is one believed to have shaped the countries we know now as England, Scotland and Wales. At the time of the battle, Britain was a divided nation ruled by the Celts in the far north, the Earls of Northumberland (of Norse, viking decent) in the north of England and most of Ireland while the Anglo Saxons controlled central and southern England. Brunanburh saw the Anglo Saxons go head to head with a joint army of Celts and Norse warriors. In the bloody battle, six kings and seven earls are believed to have been slain. Until now, proposed sites for the battle have stretched from southwest England to as far as Scotland with Professor Michael Wood, a TV historian for the BBC believing it unfolded 100miles away from Merseyside in South Yorkshire. Experts at Wirral Archaeology said the location of the battle is yet to be disclosed to the public due for 'security purposes'. A spokesman told The Sun: 'Several eminent historians and academics have examined a range of evidence we have collected, including physical artefacts 'They have concluded that the lost site of the Battle of Brunanburh may have been identified by Wirral Archaeology. 'There is still a great deal of investigative work that needs to be done.' Adding that the investigations were being carried out by a variety of experts including historians, archaeologists and scientists. In 927, Anglo Saxon King Aethelstan invaded Northumbria, occupied York and expelled King of Ireland Anlaf Guthfrithson's kinsmen, the rulers of York and Dublin. Threatened by Aethelstan's advances, ten years later in the summer of 937, Anlaf and Constantine launched their invasion with 'the biggest Viking fleet ever seen in British waters'. At some point later in the year Aethelstan advanced out of Mercia (central England) and attacked the main allied army around Brunanburh. In a battle described as 'immense, lamentable and horrible', King Aethelstan defeated a Viking fleet led by the Anlaf and Constantine, the King of Alba. Anlaf escaped by sea and arrived back in Dublin the following spring. The name Bromborough comes from an Old English place name Brunanburh or 'Bruna's fort' which is the same as the battle. THE BATTLE OF BRUNANBURH The Battle of Brunanburh, which pitted a West Saxon army against a combined hoard of Vikings, Scots and Irish in 937, was one of the most decisive events in British medieval history. In 927, King Aethelstan invaded Northumbria, occupied York and expelled King of Ireland Anlaf Guthfrithson's kinsmen, the rulers of York and Dublin. Ten years later, in the summer of 937, Anlaf and Constantine launched their invasion with 'the biggest Viking fleet ever seen in British waters'. At some point later in the year Aethelstan advanced out of Mercia and attacked the main allied army around Brunanburh. In a battle described as 'immense, lamentable and horrible', King Aethelstan defeated a Viking fleet led by the Anlaf and Constantine, the King of Alba. Anlaf escaped by sea and arrived back in Dublin the following spring. Had King Athelstan - grandson of Alfred the Great - been defeated it would have been the end of Anglo-Saxon England. But upon victory, Britain was created for the first time and Athelstan became the de facto King of all Britain, the first in history. WHY PROFESSOR MICHAEL WOOD IS CONVINCED THE BATTLE TOOK PLACE IN SOUTH YORKSHIRE Most people believe the Battle of Brunanburh took place in Bromborough on the Wirral, Merseyside. But TV historian Professor Michael Wood is convinced it actually unfolded 100 miles away in South Yorkshire, near the quaint village of Burghwallis. He gives six main reasons as evidence for the battle's location in South Yorkshire: 1 - He says a battle site on the main route from York down into England's Danish heartland in Mercia is a far more likely location for the battle. The region south of York was the centre of conflict between the Northumbrians and the West Saxon kings during the second quarter of the 10th century. 2 - The name Bromborough comes from an Old English place name Brunanburh or 'Bruna's fort' which is the same as the battle. But Professor Wood argues the case for Bromborough being the location of the battle 'rests on the name alone'. He says Bromborough is not mentioned in the 1086 Domesday Book and doesn't appear until the 12th century. 3 - There are also doubts about whether Brunanburh should be spelt with a single or double 'n', as it was by several 10th and 11th century chroniclers. Altering the spelling to a double 'n' and Brunnanburh changes the Old English meaning from 'Bruna's fort' to 'the fort at the spring', which could refer to Robin Hood's Well. 4 - Professor Wood highlights a poem in 1122 in which John of Worcester reported Anlaf's fleet landed in the Humber, the opposite side of the country to the Wirral. 5 - And a lost 10th century poem quoted by William of Malmesbury says the Northumbrians submitted to the invaders at or near York, implying the invaders were in Yorkshire in the prelude to the battle. 6 - An early Northumbrian source, the Historia Regum, gives an alternative name for the battle site - Wendun. Professor Wood said this could be interpreted as 'the dun by the Went' or 'Went Hill' in south Yorkshire, near to Robin Hood's Well. FONTE: Daily Mail https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-7612727/Mysterious-battle-saved-England-Vikings-fought-near-Liverpool-say-archaeologists.html Seja uma das primeiras pessoas a receber as novidades do Mundo Viking, adicionando o nosso WhatsApp ou assinando a nossa newsletter... por favor, siga-nos em nossas Redes Sociais. #SouthYorkshire #Liverpool #Wirral #BloodyBattle #BatalhaSangrenta #VikingsNaInglaterra #Celtas #Vikings #LivrosVikings

Vikings. A palavra evoca guerreiros ferozes, espadas, armas de batalha e ataques sanguinários. A maior parte do que sabemos sobre os vikings, no entanto, são exageros escritos por pessoas que os encontraram. Existe uma maneira de ouvirmos os vikings falarem por si mesmos; lendo as mensagens gravadas nas pedras rúnicas. Pedras rúnicas são lajes verticais que exibem mensagens gravadas em runas. Elas se tornaram “moda” depois que o rei dinamarquês Harold Bluetooth criou uma, conhecida como Jelling Stone. O famoso rei buscava homenagear os seus pais, o falecido rei dinamarquês Gorm, o Velho e sua esposa Tyra, isso entre 960 e 985 dC. A Pedra Jelling desencadeou uma mania de pedras rúnicas que perdurou pelos Séculos XI e XII por alguns lugares. Hoje, cerca de 3000 dessas pedras com cerca mil anos podem ser encontradas em toda a Escandinávia e nas Ilhas Britânicas, fora as que ainda podem ser descobertas. Here are some more surprising facts about Viking runestones. 1. VIKING RUNESTONES WERE MEANT TO BE SEEN. During the Viking Age (800-1050 CE), runestones were often painted and the carved lettering filled in with bright colors. Runestones were raised along waterways and property boundaries, by road intersections, and on hilltops so people could find and read them. 2. RUNESTONES ARE NOT TOMBSTONES. Runestones often mention people who have died, but they were never raised next to a grave. Instead, they commemorate people who were deceased. Sometime between 1010 and 1050, a woman named Torgärd raised a runestone near the village of Högby in the region of Östergötland (now in southern Sweden). Torgärd’s stone mentions that the farmer Gulle had five sons and lists how each of them died a violent death. The stone is dedicated to one of the sons, Torgärd’s maternal uncle, Assur, whose life ended in the Byzantine Empire (now modern-day Greece and Turkey). 3. MOST VIKING RUNESTONES ARE CHRISTIAN RATHER THAN PAGAN. In pop culture, Vikings are depicted as pagans, but the Viking Age was really an age of transition when Scandinavia went from paganism to Christianity. Those who converted to Christianity raised runestones to declare their faith in the face of their pagan neighbors. More runestones are decorated with crosses and invoke the names of God, Jesus, and the Virgin Mary than the pagan gods of Norse mythology. 4. RUNESTONES CONTAIN COMPLEX MESSAGES. Viking Age society was a predominantly oral society; important decisions were made by word of mouth rather than in writing. The runestones demonstrate, however, that there was a literary culture with professional rune carvers who chiseled short, poignant messages in stone. They followed a strict formula: the name of the commissioner, the name of the deceased, what this person achieved in life, a prayer, and the name of the rune carver. Some runestones follow this formula in verse. In the traditional Swedish province of Södermanland, a runestone is raised over the two brothers Håsten and Holmsten with text written in fornyrðislag, a poetic meter using an intricate rhyming pattern based on alliteration. 5. THE RUNESTONES WERE CARVED USING THE FUTHARK. Viking Age Scandinavia’s runic alphabet, the Futhark, is named after its first six symbols (f, u, th, a, r, and k). Runestones use a later version, the Younger Futhark, containing 16 symbols derived from the 24-letter Older Futhark. The reduced number of letters made for efficient rune carving, but one downside for modern scholars is that a single symbol can represent several different sounds, so translation of the runestones' messages can be difficult. 6. MORE THAN 2500 VIKING RUNESTONES CAN BE FOUND IN SWEDEN. Medieval texts tend to focus on Vikings from Denmark, Norway, and Iceland, yet most known runestones are located in Sweden. Since the stones were mainly expressions of Christian faith, scholars theorize that the large number in Sweden is evidence of the conflict between the old religion and the new. 7. WOMEN COULD—AND DID—COMMISSION RUNESTONES. Viking Age Scandinavia was a man’s society, but women could speak for themselves. We know they made their own decisions and controlled their personal wealth because women commissioned runestones, which was a big and expensive undertaking. Estrid Sigfastsdotter, a rich and powerful woman who lived between 1020 and 1080 north of modern-day Stockholm, raised several runestones in her own name in commemoration of her husbands and sons. She is also one of the earliest known Swedish Christians. 8. RUNESTONES EXPLAIN A PERSON’S SOCIAL POSITION. People are mentioned on runestones in relation to family members as a way of explaining who they are. Because of this practice, we know that Vikings traced their lineage through their mothers and their fathers, depending on which parent had the higher social standing. On one 12th-century runestone from the Swedish region of Uppland, not far from where Estrid Sigfastsdotter lived, a man named Ragnvald declares himself to be the chieftain of a warrior band in the Byzantine Empire, and the son of Fastvi, his mother. Ragnvald never mentions his father. 9. PEOPLE USED RUNESTONES TO BRAG. One thing we can say for certain about the Vikings: They were not humble. If they had achieved something great, they wanted people to know about it. What better way than to carve it on a runestone? A man named Alle told the world—while he was still alive—that he had been a Viking in the British Isles with the Danish king Cnut the Great. 10. RUNESTONES ARE EVIDENCE OF A FAR-REACHING TRADE NETWORK. Swedish Vikings, located at the center of a trade and communications network, maintained close ties to civilizations from the Netherlands to the Middle East. The network followed the waterways and roads of the Baltic and Russia, but scholars don’t fully know how it actually worked. It must have been strong and tight-knit, because word of a Viking raid into Central Asia in the 1020s, which ended in disaster, traveled intact to the families waiting back home. There are 30 runestones raised in commemoration of the warriors who never returned. 11. VIKINGS CARVED MESSAGES OF LOVE AND AFFECTION. Runestones relay victories in battle and personal triumphs, but the messages can also be surprisingly tender. In central Sweden in the 1050s, a farmer named Holmgöt raised a runestone over his wife Odendisa, where he tells the world that there was no better woman to run a farm than she. In Scania, the once-Danish region of south Sweden, a warrior named Saxe raised a runestone in the 980s to commemorate his comrade, Äsbjörn, who did not flee in battle, but fought until he no longer had a weapon to wield. 12. PEOPLE USED RUNES LONG AFTER THE RUNESTONE FAD FADED. When the Viking Age ended, so did the practice of raising runestones, but people continued to use runes. For centuries, runes were carved into everyday objects to claim ownership, cast magical spells, and even make jokes. The town of Lödöse in west Sweden is a treasure trove of medieval objects with runic inscriptions. Scholars have found a wooden stick from the 13th century on which a man named Hagorm carved a magical spell to help with bloodletting, as well as a rib bone from beef cattle carved with the name Eve. As Scandinavia joined the Middle Ages, though, the Latin alphabet (the one you’re reading) took over. FONTE: Mental Floss http://mentalfloss.com/article/601594/viking-runestone-facts Seja um dos primeiros a receber as novidades do Mundo Viking, para tal, basta inscrever-se em nossa newsletter ou adicionar-nos em seu WhatsApp... Não deixe, por favor, de seguir-nos nas Redes Sociais, hail! #Runestones #PedrasRúnicas #Futhark #VikingsSuécos #Bluetooth #LivrosVikings

Os vikings que lutaram contra os saxões no principal campo de batalha de Derbyshire (Inglaterra) durante os Séculos IX e X podem ter se empenhado em colocar as mãos nas minas de chumbo, as quais eram muito apreciadas no condado. “Eu tenho uma ideia do que os vikings podem ter sido após o controle significativo das minas de chumbo em Derbyshire... nós sabemos que o chumbo era popular e tinha uso extensivo, como por exemplo fazer pesos e peças de jogos. Isso pode ter incluído a cidade mercantil de Wirksworth”, disse o celebre arqueólogo Dr. Cat Jarman. During the ninth century the mines in Wirksworth were owned by Repton Abbey and when the abbey was destroyed by Danish troops in 874 they were taken by the Mercian king Ceolwulf. Dr Jarman said: “We know the monastery at Repton had control over lead resources prior to the Viking Age and these may well have fallen into Viking hands... “It has been proven that lead from England, most likely Derbyshire mines, ended up as artefacts in the Gokstad ship grave in Norway.” Derbyshire was very much a border zone during the 9th and 10th centuries, being at the edge of the Danelaw which was under Viking rule. “Although it looks like there wasn’t much of a Viking presence in the West and North of the county, there is a smattering of Scandinavian place-names that show some of them must have settled there too,” said Dr Jarman. Griffe Grange, near Brassington, takes its name from the old Norse word gryfja, meaning a hole or pit. Rowland, near Great Longstone derives its moniker from the Norse words ra, meaning a roe or roe buck, landmark or boundary, and lundr meaning a small wood. Kirk Ireton gets its name from the words iri, meaning an Irishman, probably a Norseman who had lived in Ireland, and kirkja meaning church. Further afield, Flagg takes its name from the Norse word for turf or sod. Dr Jarman, who has contributed to BBC TV Digging for Britain and Channel 4 TV’s Britain’s Viking Graveyard programmes, has written a book entitled The River Kings, which will be published by HarperCollins in 2020. An authority on Viking women, she launched last week’s Repton Literary Festival with a talk about her unique finds during an archaeological dig in the village. Repton has been the focus of several years of research by Dr Jarman who uses forensic techniques like isotope analysis, carbon dating, and DNA extraction on human remains to untangle the experiences of past people. In her talk, Dr Jarman, who is a bioarcheologist at the University of Bristol, described how the Great Heathen Army of Vikings settled for a winter in Repton in 873 AD. She also spoke about the legendary Repton Warrior’s final resting place in the UK’s most famous Viking grave. FONTE: Matlock Mercury https://www.matlockmercury.co.uk/news/people/peak-district-s-lead-mines-theory-in-vikings-clash-with-saxons-1-10065846 Seja um dos primeiros a receber as novidades do Mundo Viking, basta assinar a nossa newsletter ou adicionar-nos no WhatsApp... Não deixe de seguir-nos em nossas Redes Sociais. #PeackDistrict #PeackDistrictLeadMines #MinasDeChumbo #VikingsVsSaxões #VikingsNaInglaterra #LivrosVikings

Localizada no Mar Báltico, Saaremaa é a maior ilha da Estônia. Agora, os arqueólogos podem investigar dois grandes tesouros compostos de moedas de prata, o quais oferecerão uma nova perspectiva sobre a presença dos vikings na ilha. A descoberta arqueológica foi feita por um detector licenciado, quem relatou as descobertas ao Conselho de Proteção ao Patrimônio da Estônia. According to EER Estonia, “two separate hoards were found. One of these dating to the second half of the 10th century contained silver coins which came via the Viking trade route which crossed the Baltic from the present-day Swedish island of Gotland to Saaremaa's southern coast, and then on to Lääne County and on to present-day Tallinn.” Among the coins was also a 1,700-year-old gold bracelet that may be of Viking origin. During the Viking Age in Estonia, the area of Estonia was divided between two distinct cultural areas – Northern and Western Estonia and Southeastern Estonia. Saaremaa was the wealthiest county of ancient Estonia which could easily explain why this place has the most precious finds of Viking treasures after Gotland in Sweden. Based on the archaeological discoveries, one can picture that Estonia was an important transit country during the Viking era. The silver coins discovered now were likely to have been buried during upheaval or conflict in the region, as was the case with the other hoard from the Lümanda-Kihelkonna area. Both point to destruction and upheaval in particular parts of Saaremaa in the second quarter of the 11th century. The find is significant as it gives scientists an excellent opportunity to construct Saaremaa's Viking-era history. Another exciting archaeological discovery occurred in September this year when metal detector hobbyist Jegor Klimov found a substantially-sized gold bracelet, amber brooches, locally-made luxury amber brooches, silver and silver-plated brooches and a Scandinavian silver-plated belt, at a 1,700year-old sacrificial site. Combining all these findings we can learn much more about Vikings’ presence in Estonia. FONTE: Ancient Pages http://www.ancientpages.com/2019/10/07/hoards-of-viking-coins-discovered-on-the-island-of-saaremaa/?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=strange_engraving_made_by_knights_templar_jeanne_de_clisson_lioness_of_bretagne_mysterious_runes_deciphered_by_school_children_and_much_more_oct_4_7_2019&utm_term=2019-10-07 Seja um dos primeiros a receber as novidades do Mundo Viking, para isto basta assinar a nossa newsletter ou adicionar-nos em seu WhatsApp... Siga-nos também nas nossas Redes Sociais. #MoedasVikings #Saaremaa #Estônia #VikingsNaEstônia #VikingsSuécos #LivrosVikings

A mais recente tecnologia de escaneamento a laser é utilizada para investigar as inscrições antigas deixadas nas Órcades pelos pictos e pelos vikings. Especialistas da Suécia esperam que o software permita reconhecer o trabalho individual dos escultores. The study may tell us more about the transition between the different groups who occupied sites like the Brough of Birsay over hundreds of years. The team are hoping for preliminary results by the start of 2020. But before you can scan inscriptions, like the one on a stone at the base of a wall in ruins of the bishop's palace in the Brough of Birsay, you have to find them. After several minutes of searching they've found the right place. Then a brief chat about whether it's alright to rip up the turf threatening to overwhelm the carving. That done, dozens of reflective target point stickers are attached to the stone, and then the scanner is passed over it several times. A detailed three dimensional image starts to build up on the laptop on the grass alongside the wall. It is possible to spin and rotate the image on the screen - even get the computer to illuminate it from different angles with virtual light which can sometimes throw up details that are not visible with the naked eye. But the real trick - the thing that makes this project unique - is the powerful software that analyses all the data gathered by the scanner. Dr Laila Kitzler Åhfeldt, from the Swedish National Heritage Board, developed the program. "By statistical analysis, I can 'see' if several carvers have been involved. And sometimes I can distinguish between individual carvers, or carver groups", she told BBC Radio Orkney. That means she should be able to say if two different carvings have been done by people from the same workshop, or who were trained by the same master. Or even if they were done by the same individual craftsman. And it turns out that the Brough of Birsay, and Cunningsburgh in Shetland, are really special places to do this work. "They are the only two places in the world where you have three alphabets occurring together from this period", said Dr Adrián Maldonado, Glenmorangie Research Fellow at National Museums Scotland. "You have runes coming from Norway; Ogham, which was used in Irish and Pictish areas; and you also have the Pictish symbol stones." Dr Alex Sanmark, from the Institute for Northern Studies at the University of the Highlands and Islands, hopes the study may reveal new details about how the Vikings took over from the Picts in Orkney. "There are different ideas of what happened when the Vikings settled," she said. "Some people say that they killed every single Pict. Other people say maybe there was more interaction, and that the Picts gradually disappeared and became Norse." One possibility - if the software really can distinguish the work of individual masons - is that they might find someone who had been carving Ogham or Pictish symbols who later moved on to carving Norse runes. "If we found that, that would be absolutely amazing", Alex Sanmark said. "And it would tell us much more about the interactions, rather than there being a brick wall between the Picts and the Vikings." FONTE: BBC https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-50087950?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/c1038wnxyy0t/archaeology&link_location=live-reporting-story Inscreva-se em nossa newsletter ou adiciona-nos em seu WhatsApp para receber em primeira mão as novidades do Mundo Viking... Não deixe de seguir-nos em nossas Redes Sociais. #Orkney #Órcades #Laser #VikingsNaEscócia #VikingsSuécos #LivrosVikings